Maladie d’Alzheimer: 2 entreprises pharmaceutiques affirment que leur médicament ralentit sa progression

Maladie d’Alzheimer: 2 entreprises pharmaceutiques affirment que leur médicament ralentit sa progression

Deux entreprises pharmaceutiques affirment que leur médicament ralentit la progression de la maladie d’Alzheimer, alors pourquoi serait-il révolutionnaire ? Les résultats de l’essai clinique ont montré que le Lécanemab réduit le déclin cognitif de 27 % lorsqu’il est pris pendant 18 mois.

Le fabricant japonais de médicaments Eisai et la société américaine Biogen ont annoncé mercredi des résultats encourageants de la troisième phase de leurs essais cliniques d’un nouveau médicament qui vise à révolutionner les traitements actuels de la maladie d’Alzheimer.

Le médicament, du nom de Lécanemab, un anticorps monoclonal dirigé contre les protofibrilles de bêta-amyloïde (Aβ), a ralenti le déclin cognitif des participants à l’étude, réduisant le taux de progression de la maladie de 27 % sur 18 mois par rapport à un groupe témoin prenant un placebo.

L’essai en double aveugle a porté sur 1 795 personnes présentant des symptômes précoces de la maladie. Les participants recevant le traitement ont reçu une dose de 10 milligrammes par kilogramme de poids corporel deux fois par semaine.

Outre les effets positifs sur la maladie d’Alzheimer, le groupe recevant le médicament a également présenté des effets indésirables graves, comme un gonflement ou une hémorragie cérébrale dans 21,3 % des cas, contre 9,3 % dans le groupe témoin. Dans 2,8% de ces cas, le gonflement du cerveau était symptomatique.

Les entreprises n’ont pas encore publié les résultats de leur étude, qui seront présentés le 29 novembre lors d’une conférence à San Francisco consacrée à la maladie, et seront ensuite publiés dans une revue médicale à comité de lecture.

Si l’efficacité du médicament est confirmée, le Lécanemab deviendrait le premier médicament à ralentir la progression de la maladie d’Alzheimer dans un essai à grande échelle. Les fabricants de médicaments déposeront une demande d’autorisation complète aux États-Unis d’ici la fin du mois de mars 2023 et chercheront également à le promouvoir au Japon et en Europe.

Eisai a déjà lancé avec succès l’Aricept aux États-Unis et au Japon à la fin des années 1990, utilisé pour traiter les symptômes légers et modérés de la maladie et approuvé depuis lors dans plus de 100 pays. Biogen n’est pas en reste, avec le médicament Aduhelm, autorisé aux États-Unis l’année dernière.

Recherche sur la maladie d'Alzheimer

Les agrégats bêta-amyloïdes, principale cause de la maladie d’Alzheimer

Le PDG d’Eisai, Haruo Naito, a déclaré que les résultats positifs de son étude sur le Lécanemab constituent une « étape importante » pour l’entreprise et « prouvent l’hypothèse amyloïde selon laquelle l’accumulation anormale d’Aβ dans le cerveau est une cause majeure de la maladie d’Alzheimer lorsqu’il s’agit d’un traitement liant les protofibrilles ».

Pour sa part, Michel Vounatsos, PDG de Biogen, a déclaré qu’il y a de l’espoir que, s’il est approuvé, le Lécanemab « puisse potentiellement ralentir la progression de la maladie d’Alzheimer et avoir un impact cliniquement significatif sur fonctionnement du système cognitif ».

« Fait important, l’étude montre que l’élimination des agrégats bêta-amyloïdes dans le cerveau est associée à un ralentissement de la maladie chez les patients au stade précoce de la maladie », a-t-il déclaré.


Article: Vaincre la maladie : comment garder espoir ?

Dernière modification le 22 février 2023 par Gabriel Dupuis

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